Objective.  To assess the impact of the implementation of a ban on advertising, promotion and sponsorship (PPP) of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in terms of reducing consumption, advertising exposure and relevant clinical outcomes. Material and methods A systematic review of studies published between 2001 and 2021 was conducted using the in PubMed, Embase and LILACS databases. Experimental, observational studies and economic models written in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. Results. Sixteen studies out of 840 identified were selected. Due to outcomes heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not possible. The interventions included comprehensive policies, general SSBs PPP restriction policies,TV advertising, promotional, point-of-sale, and school restrictions. Clinical outcomes (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer), economic outcomes (such as purchase, sale, cost-effectiveness, and other economic outcomes), changes in exposure, consumption, and other measures of effectiveness were assessed. Most effect measures showed decreases following the interventions. Conclusions. Policies that include PPP restrictions on SSBs can be effective in reducing consumption, especially among children and adolescents, and have a positive impact on their health.

Objetivo.  Evaluar el impacto de la implementación de la prohibición de la publicidad, promoción y patrocinio (PPP) de las bebidas azucaradas (BA) en términos de disminución de consumo, exposición publicitaria y desenlaces clínicos relevantes. Material y métodos. Revisión sistemática de estudios publicados entre 2001-2021 en bases de datos PubMed, Embase y LILACS escritos en inglés, portugués o español. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales, observacionales y modelos económicos. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 16 de 840 estudios identificados. Debido a la heterogeneidad en los desenlaces no fue posible realizar un meta-análisis. Las intervenciones incluidas correspondieron a una política integral, medidas generales de restricción de PPP de BA, restricciones de publicidad televisiva, de promociones, en punto de venta y en escuelas. Se hallaron desenlaces clínicos (obesidad, enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, cáncer), económicos (compra, venta, costo-efectividad, otros desenlaces económicos), cambios en la exposición, en el consumo y en otras medidas de efectividad.  La mayoría de las medidas de efecto evaluadas registraron disminuciones a partir de las intervenciones. Conclusiones. Las políticas que incluyen una restricción de la PPP de las BA resultarían efectivas, sobre todo para disminuir su consumo en NNyA, impactando positivamente en su salud.

Resumo Introdução: A anemia na DRC pode ser dividida em anemia sem deficiência funcional de ferro e com deficiência funcional de ferro (ADFF). Diante do aumento dos casos de hemossiderose em pacientes em hemodiálise, atribuídos à reposição excessiva de ferro endovenoso, maiores conhecimentos sobre os fatores envolvidos na gênese da ADFF são importantes. Objetivos: documentar a prevalência de ADFF em renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Caracterizar clínica e laboratorialmente os portadores de ADFF em HD e avaliar o estado nutricional, estresse oxidativo e inflamatório. Estudo transversal, amostra de conveniência, envolvendo 183 renais crônicos em hemodiálise no sul do Brasil. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos: portadores de anemia com e sem deficiência funcional de ferro. Foram submetidos a questionário socioepidemiológico, à análise antropométrica e análise laboratorial dos marcadores de anemia, estresse oxidativo, inflamatórios e nutricionais. Análise estatística: programa GraphPad InStat versão 3.1. Foram aplicados os testes: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, qui-quadrado, t de Student e Mann-Whitney. Nível de significância adotado de 5%. Resultados: não houve diferença significativa nos marcadores inflamatórios entre os dois grupos. Houve diferença significativa nos marcadores de anemia e nutrição, significativamente menores nos pacientes com ADFF. Pacientes com ADFF receberam doses mais elevadas de ferro parenteral (p < 0,05). Discussão: ADFF esteve associada a menores valores de marcadores nutricionais, mas não esteve associada a marcadores inflamatórios ou de estresse oxidativo aumentados, como relatado na literatura. Estudos adicionais sobre o tema são necessários.

Abstract Introduction: Anemic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be divided into anemic patients without or with functional iron deficiency (FID). The increase in the number of cases of hemosiderosis in patients on hemodialysis (HD) attributed to excessive intravenous iron replacement has called for the investigation of the factors involved in the genesis of FID. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of FID in patients with CKD on HD, characterize the included individuals in terms of clinical and workup parameters, and assess their nutritional, oxidative stress, and inflammation statuses. This cross-sectional study assembled a convenience sample of 183 patients with CKD on HD treated in Southern Brazil. Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups, one with anemic subjects with FID and one with anemic patients without FID. Participants answered a questionnaire probing into socio-epidemiological factors, underwent anthropometric measurements, and were tested for markers of anemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and nutrition. Statistical analysis: The date sets were treated on software package GraphPad InStat version 3.1. Variables were tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, Student’s t, and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistical significance was attributed to differences with a p < 0.05. Results: Markers of inflammation were not statistically different between the two groups. Markers of anemia and nutrition were significantly lower in patients with FID. Patients with FID were prescribed higher doses of parenteral iron (p < 0,05). Discussion: FID was associated with lower nutritional marker levels, but not to increased levels of markers of inflammation or oxidative stress, as reported in the literature. Additional studies on the subject are needed.

In April 2009, the Argentina Association of Dietitians and Nutritionists-Dietitians formed the Study Group on Food Sovereignty, made up of graduates in Nutrition having an interest in the subject. As a first objective, the Group decided to study three subjects: "The Right to Food", "Production and Availability of Food in Argentina" and "Basic Food Basket." This article is a summary of the progress made on the third subject mentioned.

En abril de 2009 se conformó en la Asociación Argentina de Dietistas y Nutricionistas Dietistas el Grupo de Estudio sobre Soberanía Alimentaria, constituido por un grupo de licenciados en nutrición con interés en el tema. Como primer objetivo, el Grupo se propuso estudiar tres temas: "el Derecho a la Alimentación", "la Producción y Disponibilidad de alimentos en Argentina" y "la Canasta Básica de Alimentos". En el presente artículo se expone un resumen de los avances en el tercer tema mencionado.

Objective: To assess the scope of food supply nutritional goals in state school in the area of Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2007. Materials and Methodology: The unit of analysis was the food service of all state schools in the area. Nutritional goals were set per age group (Group 1: 3 years old, Group 2: 4-8 years old; Group 3: 9-14 years old). Ad-hoc survey performed by nutritionists. Twostage stratified random sampling. Total sample: 301 schools, 299 surveyed. Data analysis: ad-hoc IT program. Results: Breakfast/Tea: Milk supply was under the goal for all age groups. For Group 1, food supply reached the goal for all nutrients but calcium. For Group 2, only zinc and iron supplies were acceptable. None of the nutrients achieved the goal in Group 3. Lunch: Low energy and excess of protein were observed in all age groups. For Group 1, lunch supply reached the goals for Zinc and Iron but did not for vitamin A. For Group 2, lunch supply reached the goals for Zinc and Vitamin C but did not for vitamin A, calcium and iron. For Group 3, lunch supply only reached the goals for Vitamin C. Meat supply only exceeded the goals in Group 1. Fruit supply exceeded the goal in Group 1 and 2, and was acceptable in Group 3. For Group 2, breakfast/tea caloric contribution was higher in schools where lunch was not provided. Conclusions: Nutritional goals for breakfast/tea were only achieved in Group 1 (except for calcium). As regards lunch, a caloric contribution below the goal and excess of protein were observed for all age groups.

Objetivo: Evaluar el alcance de las metas nutricionales de las prestaciones alimentarias de los comedores escolares estatales de la región Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina, en 2007. Materiales y Métodos: Unidad de análisis: prestación alimentaria de todas las escuelas estatales de la región. Metas nutricionales: elaboradas por prestación, para energía, nutrientes y alimentos críticos por grupo etario (Grupo 1: 3 años; Grupo 2: 4-8 años; Grupo 3: 9-14 años). Encuesta ad-hoc: administrada por nutricionistas. Muestreo: aleatorio estratificado bietápico; total 301 escuelas, 299 relevadas. Análisis de datos: sistema informático ad-hoc. Resultados: Desayuno/Merienda: el aporte de leche fue menor a la meta para todos los grupos etarios. La ración brindada al Grupo 1 alcanzó la meta para todos los nutrientes excepto el Calcio. Para el Grupo 2 la ración brindada solo fue aceptable en zinc y hierro. El Grupo 3 no alcanzó ninguna meta. Almuerzo: para todos los grupos etarios, existió un aporte calórico por debajo de la meta y exceso proteico. Para el Grupo 1, la ración ofrecida superó las metas de hierro y zinc; y no alcanzó la de Vitamina A. Para el Grupo 2, los aportes de zinc y vitamina C superaron la meta; calcio, hierro y vitamina A presentaron aportes bajos. Para el Grupo 3, solo se alcanzó la meta en vitamina C. El aporte de carne solo superó las metas establecidas para el grupo 1. El aporte de fruta superó la meta para el grupo 1 y 2, y fue aceptable para el grupo 3. El Desayuno/Merienda para Grupo 2 aportó más kcal en las escuelas que no brindaban almuerzo. Conclusiones: El Desayuno/Merienda solo alcanzó las metas nutricionales (excepto calcio) en el grupo de 3 años. En Almuerzo, se observó aporte calórico por debajo de la meta y exceso proteico para todos los grupos etarios.